Defying court orders
Defying a court order means refusing to comply with a binding judicial directive — by an official, an agency, or anyone subject to the court's jurisdiction. This is among the most direct breaches of the rule of law: the courts' authority depends entirely on compliance, since courts have no army of their own. Concrete forms include outright refusal, performative half-compliance designed to mock the order, transfer of property or persons to evade the order's reach, and the firing of subordinates who attempt to comply. Routine appeals through the proper channels are not defiance; defiance is what happens when channels are exhausted and the official refuses anyway, or refuses while litigation is still ongoing.
2026 Events (47)
Missouri Secretary of State Hoskins directed officials to use congressional map barred by state Supreme Court injunction
On September 8, 2026, Missouri Secretary of State Denny Hoskins emailed local election officials instructing them to use the 2025 Republican-drawn congressional map, attaching a same-day federal district court order he said "takes precedence" over the Missouri Supreme Court's standing injunction barring him from using that map. The Missouri Supreme Court responded by opening a contempt inquiry, ordering Hoskins to appear in person and explain why he should not be held in contempt at a hearing set for September 10.
DHS defied a federal court order to image 800 immigration agents' cellphones sought as evidence in LA racial-profiling suit
On August 4, 2026, U.S. District Judge Maame Ewusi-Mensah Frimpong held the Department of Homeland Security in contempt of court and imposed $500-per-day fines for failing to comply with a January 2026 order requiring DHS to create digital images of the personal and government cellphones of more than 800 immigration agents involved in 2025's "Operation At Large" Los Angeles immigration crackdown. DHS admitted in June 2026 it was processing only three phones every two weeks, a pace that would take nearly four years to complete; plaintiffs in the underlying Vasquez Perdomo v. Noem suit say the records may show a pattern of racial profiling by agents who used slurs including "wet" and "tonks" to identify Latino people for stops.
Court monitor found Mississippi child welfare agency met only 22 of 107 court-ordered foster-care safety standards in 2025
A federal court monitor's report filed July 29, 2026 in the Olivia Y. v. Reeves consent-decree lawsuit found Mississippi's Department of Child Protection Services met only 22 of 107 applicable child-safety measures during 2025, including at least 22 congregate-care placements of children under age 10 lacking required approval and abuse investigations completed on time only about half the time against a 90% standard. The monitor also found the department undercounted how many foster children were victims of abuse in its care. The report was filed as the state, represented by Attorney General Lynn Fitch's office, seeks to have the underlying lawsuit dismissed on grounds it has made "sufficient progress."
ICE and GEO Group left worm-contaminated drinking water uncorrected at Adelanto detention facility despite court-ordered fix
On July 28, 2026, a detainee at the GEO Group-run Adelanto ICE Processing Center in California shared video of worm-like organisms in the facility's drinking water, corroborated by a second detainee and immigrant-rights attorneys. The discovery came despite a federal court's July 16 preliminary injunction ordering ICE to fix water, food, and sanitation conditions at the facility; plaintiffs' counsel said ICE had met the order's monitoring requirements but not its water and sanitation mandates. DHS denied any water-quality problem and said the facility uses the same municipal supply as surrounding Adelanto.
FEMA cut Aberdeen-Hoquiam flood grant from $47M to $34.65M and delayed it one year as DHS diverted FEMA resources to immigration enforcement
FEMA headquarters overrode a regional approval and reduced the Aberdeen-Hoquiam, Washington flood protection BRIC grant from $47 million to $34.65 million, simultaneously delaying disbursement by one year to September 2026. A congressional ranking-member report published in July 2026 documented that DHS had instructed FEMA to divert agency resources—including staffing and program funds—to immigration enforcement rather than disaster readiness. The action came after a federal judge ruled in December 2025 that the Trump administration had unlawfully terminated the BRIC grant program and ordered its reinstatement.
Arizona prison agency defied inmate-healthcare injunction for 3 years and sought to hire unqualified doctors, federal judge found
U.S. District Judge Roslyn Silver, in a July 16, 2026 order, denied a motion by the Arizona Department of Corrections, Rehabilitation and Reentry (ADCRR) to weaken a 2023 permanent-injunction requirement that prison physicians be board-certified or board-eligible in internal medicine or family practice. Silver found that ADCRR "has utterly failed to comply with the Permanent Injunction's requirements and [has] aggressively opposed its enforcement" over the three years since the injunction issued, and that the agency never made a good-faith effort to raise physician pay despite repeated recommendations from court-appointed monitors.
ICE removed an estimated 116 immigration detainees from South Florida in violation of federal habeas orders, judge found
At a July 16, 2026 hearing in Miami, Department of Justice attorneys told U.S. District Judge K. Michael Moore that ICE had removed an estimated 116 immigration detainees from the Southern District of Florida in direct violation of federal habeas corpus orders barring their transfer pending bond hearings, up from an initial count of 47 discovered after a Krome Detention Facility evacuation during nearby brushfires. Moore ordered immediate bond hearings for nine cases before him and set a follow-up hearing for August 6 to confirm the full scope.
ICE arrested a Bronx asylum seeker at a Manhattan immigration court in continued defiance of a judge's order barring such arrests
On July 16, 2026, ICE agents arrested Bronx resident Matar Ndiaye immediately after his hearing at the immigration court at 290 Broadway in Manhattan, at least the sixth such courthouse arrest since U.S. District Judge Kevin Castel's May 18, 2026 order barred them absent a national-security or public-safety threat. Ndiaye's attorneys, who say he has no criminal record and was never deemed a flight risk, filed a habeas corpus petition after he was transferred to Delaney Hall, New Jersey.
CFTC ordered Kalshi to defy Michigan court's trade-cancellation order, invoking emergency power unused in 46 years
On July 14, 2026, the Commodity Futures Trading Commission stayed a proposed rule change by prediction-market platform Kalshi that would have brought it into compliance with a Michigan state court order, and separately invoked emergency authority to order Kalshi to fulfill the disputed trades instead. CFTC Chairman Michael S. Selig said the commission would not let states "bully" federally regulated exchanges, the first time the agency has used this power against a state court ruling in 46 years.
ICE kept detaining Nevada immigrants without bond hearings past a court-ordered release deadline, defying a judge's March ruling
On July 6, 2026, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement failed to release seven Nevada immigration detainees by a court-ordered deadline, continuing to enforce a "mandatory detention" policy that federal judge Richard Boulware II had ruled unlawful in March. Boulware, citing a broader pattern of noncompliance including an April cross-district transfer and a May detention without lawful basis, wrote that the government was "rebelling" against binding court orders and ordered the seven plaintiffs released without bond hearings pending their removal proceedings.
U.S. Attorney Boutros publicly detailed a sealed Tren de Aragua complaint in violation of a court sealing order
On July 1, 2026, at a Washington press conference alongside acting Attorney General Todd Blanche and FBI Director Kash Patel, U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois Andrew Boutros publicly detailed a criminal complaint charging three alleged Tren de Aragua gang members while the complaint was still under a magistrate judge's sealing order. The seal had been signed on June 30 and was not lifted until the following day. A federal magistrate judge later found the disclosure a "clear violation" of her order.
ICE arrested Guatemalan man at New York City immigration court in defiance of federal court orders, including a June 23 nationwide ban
On June 30, 2026, ICE agents arrested a Guatemalan man at the New York City immigration court at 290 Broadway, in what lawyers described as a continuing violation of two federal court orders barring such arrests: a May 18 order from the Southern District of New York covering three Manhattan courts, and a June 23 nationwide order from a federal court in California. The man was transferred to an out-of-state detention facility. The arrest came four days after ICE agents arrested two other immigrants at New York City immigration courts in apparent defiance of the same orders.
ICE officer Travis Erdman defied federal court order protecting Iowa student-visa holder; judge found civil contempt
On June 30, 2026, U.S. District Judge Rebecca Goodgame Ebinger held ICE Deportation Officer Travis Erdman in civil contempt for knowingly defying a court order that blocked the transfer of Pardeep Saini, a 22-year-old student-visa holder, out of the district. Erdman transferred Saini to Nebraska on April 1, 2026, despite the order, and testified at the contempt hearing that he was aware of the violation and had sought guidance only from ICE's own legal office, which twice told him to keep Saini in Nebraska. Judge Ebinger ruled that Erdman had made "no effort, at any point, to bring his agency into compliance," calling the conduct "astonishing" and "exceedingly unacceptable."
Missouri Gov. Kehoe signed law cutting off gender-affirming care for trans inmates despite binding 2018 Eighth Amendment ruling
On June 30, 2026, Missouri Gov. Mike Kehoe signed House Bill 2009, a Department of Corrections appropriations bill containing a rider barring state funds from paying for hormone therapy or gender transition surgery for incarcerated transgender people. The provision, inserted by state Rep. Dirk Deaton, took effect July 1-2 and immediately cut off ongoing hormone therapy for trans inmates with no tapering plan, despite a 2018 federal ruling, Hicklin v. Precythe, that found denying such care violates the Eighth Amendment. Deaton said on the House floor in March that he added the provision anticipating a more conservative Eighth Circuit would rule differently, even after Missouri Department of Corrections leadership warned legislators that the Fifth, Seventh, and Ninth Circuits have consistently found the care medically necessary.
ICE arrested two immigrants at New York City immigration courts in defiance of federal court orders, including a June 23 nationwide ban
On June 26, 2026, ICE agents arrested two immigrants at New York City immigration courts in what lawyers described as the first serious violations of two federal court orders barring such arrests: a May 18 order from the Southern District of New York covering three Manhattan courts, and a June 23 nationwide order from a federal court in California. Agents arrested an Ecuadorian man at 26 Federal Plaza and a Dominican man at 290 Broadway; both were transferred to out-of-state detention facilities. ICE denied violating any court order but provided no explanation of how the arrests fit the narrow exceptions permitted by the judges.
Court monitor report finds Maricopa County Sheriff's Office undermined racial-profiling settlement, retaliated against reform commander
A federal court monitor's investigation published June 25, 2026, found that Maricopa County Sheriff's Office leadership under Sheriff Jerry Sheridan violated court-ordered reforms tied to the Melendres v. Arpaio racial profiling settlement. The monitor determined that MCSO command staff pressured the Professional Standards Bureau commander to reopen completed disciplinary cases against deputies and placed him on administrative leave in April 2025 in retaliation when he refused. The violations caused the department's compliance rates to drop sharply — from 95% to 70% on an internal oversight order and from 88% to 68% on an order addressing investigation backlogs.
DOJ refused judge's order to confirm termination of $1.8B 'anti-weaponization fund'
On June 19, 2026, the U.S. Department of Justice refused to comply with Federal Judge Leonie Brinkema's order to submit a sworn declaration that the $1.8 billion "anti-weaponization fund" created to settle Trump's personal lawsuit against the IRS is permanently terminated. Judge Brinkema had issued a preliminary injunction on June 12 blocking the fund; she then required DOJ to formally confirm its termination in writing, but the department called the requirement "unnecessary" and raised "separation of powers concerns"—effectively rejecting judicial authority. The judge converted the preliminary injunction into an indefinite block on June 20.
ICE deports Adelanto hunger-strike organizer Kyon Swaso to Belize after no-notice out-of-state transfers
On June 12, 2026, ICE deported Kyon Shakeel Swaso — a Belizean national and lead organizer of the hunger strike at California's GEO Group-run Adelanto ICE Processing Center — to Belize, following a series of no-notice transfers to facilities in Texas and Louisiana that his attorneys say violated Central District of California General Order 26-05's advance-notice requirement. The deportation proceeded despite a pending Stay of Removal and Motion to Reopen. The removal came eleven days after Swaso met with members of Congress to report inhumane conditions at Adelanto; DHS disputes that a hunger strike is occurring and characterizes the removal as routine.
Trump administration defies court order to resume immigration processing for 39 countries
Six days after U.S. District Chief Judge John J. McConnell Jr. vacated the administration's freeze on asylum decisions, green cards, work permits, and other immigration adjudications for nationals of 39 countries, the government had still not resumed processing. On June 11, 2026, after a coalition of unions and nonprofits filed an emergency motion to enforce, McConnell ordered the administration to file a status report within 24 hours detailing its compliance and wrote that "there is no excuse this time."
ICE re-detained and moved to deport Palestinian grandfather in defiance of federal release order
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement re-arrested Akram Mahmoud Omar, a 77-year-old Louisiana resident, at his home on June 8, 2026, and moved to place him on a deportation flight, ten days after a federal judge had ordered his release and found his prior detention unconstitutional. Omar's attorney filed an emergency motion the same day, and the judge again ordered ICE to release him, which it did that evening.
AP investigation found DHS and ICE re-separated dozens of children from parents in violation of 2023 court settlement
An Associated Press investigation published June 4, 2026 found that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Department of Homeland Security have re-separated dozens of children from parents already separated once during Trump's first term, despite a 2023 federal settlement in Ms. L v. ICE that guaranteed the families legal protections, asylum pathways, and support services through December 2031. Documented cases include Ederson Galicia Alva, re-separated when his mother Mirsy Maricela Alva López was arrested and the family deported to Guatemala for 11 months before a judge ordered their return, and an unnamed father held at "Alligator Alcatraz" and Camp East Montana, where he reported moldy, worm-infested food, before an ACLU motion secured his release.
ICE arrests a man in a Manhattan immigration court a day after a judge barred such arrests
On May 19, 2026, ICE agents arrested Vinely Alexander Castillo-Norales, a 21-year-old Honduran man, immediately after his hearing inside the immigration court at 26 Federal Plaza in Manhattan — roughly a day after U.S. District Judge P. Kevin Castel barred ICE from arresting most immigrants inside three New York City immigration courthouses. Castillo-Norales, whom his attorneys said had no criminal convictions and had attended his required hearings, was released hours later after legal aid lawyers filed a habeas petition. The Department of Homeland Security denied violating the order, asserting that Castillo-Norales is a gang member — a claim that, if accepted, would place the arrest within the order's narrow public-safety exception.
ICE moves forward with Hagerstown warehouse-detention construction in defiance of Baltimore federal judge's injunction
On May 14, 2026, The Washington Post reported, citing an internal U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement memo, that ICE staffers were "exploring what work can be done" at a Hagerstown, Maryland warehouse being converted into a 1,500-person ICE detention facility despite a Baltimore federal judge's standing temporary injunction blocking the project. The Baltimore judge had found the building's four toilets and two water fountains insufficient for the planned capacity. The Hagerstown build-out and operations contract was awarded in March 2026 to KVG LLC, a Pennsylvania-based defense contractor with no prior experience operating detention facilities, with a $113 million base and a $642 million three-year ceiling.
Judge found ICE materially violated Colorado injunction restricting warrantless immigration arrests
U.S. District Judge R. Brooke Jackson ruled May 12, 2026, that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents in Colorado materially violated a November 2025 preliminary injunction in Ramirez Ovando v. Noem that barred warrantless arrests without an individualized, pre-arrest flight-risk determination. The judge's 60-page order, issued after a two-day evidentiary hearing, found ICE continued warrantless arrests -- including of people with no criminal history, longtime residents, asylum seekers, and U.S. citizens' children -- while obtaining "field warrants" after the fact and providing training she found insufficient. She ordered ICE to retrain officers, bar untrained agents from warrantless arrests, and pay the plaintiffs' attorney fees.
The National Science Foundation suspended at least 18 UC Berkeley research grants over a disputed foreign-funding claim despite a court injunction
In early May 2026, the National Science Foundation suspended at least 18 active research grants held by University of California, Berkeley scientists, citing unspecified "foreign funding" concerns that affected researchers say do not apply to their projects. The suspensions were imposed despite a standing court injunction restricting such actions, and at least one grant had been canceled by NSF and restored by a court before being suspended again. Berkeley researchers, who have brought a class-action challenge, said they were given almost no information about what NSF considered problematic.
ICE re-arrests El Gamal family at first check-in, attempts deportation in defiance of federal release order
On April 25, 2026, Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents re-arrested Hayam El Gamal and her five children at the family's first required post-release check-in in Colorado Springs, two days after U.S. District Judge Fred Biery of the Western District of Texas ordered them freed pending their asylum proceedings. ICE routed the family onto a flight bound for Michigan and told them they would be deported to Egypt; the plane reversed course mid-air only after Judge Biery and U.S. District Judge Nina Wang of Colorado issued emergency orders Saturday evening directing that the family not be removed. The mother and her five children — held at the Dilley, Texas family detention center for more than ten months and never charged with any crime — were released again just after midnight on April 26.
Florida's emergency-management division resisted a federal order for Alligator Alcatraz detainee legal phone access, calling it unfeasible
Florida's Division of Emergency Management asked a federal judge to pause a late-March 2026 preliminary injunction requiring at least one working phone per 25 detainees for confidential legal calls at the state's "Alligator Alcatraz" immigration lockup in the Everglades, telling the court that adding phone service would be "entirely unfeasible" and cost roughly $180,000 up front plus $6,000 weekly. State records showed the Division had already spent about $34.2 million on technology, internet, communications, and surveillance at the facility, most of it to a single vendor. As of April 2, 2026 the site held 1,383 detainees.
Pentagon defies court order on press access with circumventing 'Interim Policy'
On April 9, 2026, U.S. District Judge Paul Friedman ruled that the Department of Defense violated his March 20, 2026 order voiding key provisions of Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth's restrictive Pentagon press policy as unconstitutional. Days after that ruling, the Department had issued a new "Interim Policy" that abruptly closed the Correspondents' Corridor press workspace and barred credentialed journalists from moving through the Pentagon unescorted — measures the court called "transparent attempts to negate the impact of this court's order," achieving "the same unconstitutional result" with "slightly different language." The judge barred enforcement of the new policy against New York Times Pentagon reporters and ordered their physical access to the building restored.
Judge found Border Patrol defied her injunction with boilerplate forms in Sacramento arrests
U.S. District Judge Jennifer Thurston ruled in an order unsealed April 1, 2026, that U.S. Border Patrol agents defied her April 2025 preliminary injunction barring detentions without documented reasonable suspicion and warrantless arrests without a flight-risk finding. In a July 2025 sweep at a Sacramento Home Depot, agents arrested 12 people — 11 noncitizens and one U.S. citizen — using essentially identical, boilerplate I-213 forms that failed to document the required articulable facts. She ordered agents to write signed, individualized narrative reports supporting each stop.
ICE re-detained Sheboygan Falls mother at routine check-in despite prior court-granted cancellation of removal
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement re-detained Elvira Benitez-Suarez, a 51-year-old Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin mother of four U.S. citizen children, during a routine supervision check-in at ICE's Milwaukee field office on March 10, 2026, months after an immigration judge granted her cancellation of removal and a path to permanent residency. It was the second time Benitez-Suarez, who has lived in the U.S. for 35 years with no criminal record, had been taken into ICE custody; she was transferred to the Campbell County Detention Center in Kentucky while the Department of Homeland Security appealed the judge's ruling. Her attorney filed a federal habeas corpus petition in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Kentucky seeking her release.
ICE re-detained Baltimore man in defiance of federal release order, moved him toward deportation to Eswatini
On March 9, 2026, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement re-detained Ibrahim Mohammed, a Baltimore-area Ethiopian man, roughly five weeks after a federal judge in Louisiana had ordered his release and found ICE's prior detention of him unconstitutional. ICE served Mohammed a Notice of Revocation of Release on March 10 and moved him toward the airport for removal to Eswatini, a country he had never been to, before U.S. District Judge John deGravelles issued an emergency five-day restraining order blocking his deportation. DeGravelles found no evidence Mohammed had been given the process his own order required before either the re-detention or the planned third-country removal.
ICE and DHS failed to return property to Minnesota immigrants ordered released, prompting contempt threat
On March 5, 2026, U.S. District Judge John Tunheim held a "show cause" hearing in Minneapolis after U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Department of Homeland Security failed to return work permits, driver's licenses, Social Security cards, cash, and other property to more than two dozen immigrants whom courts had ordered released from Operation Metro Surge detentions. Tunheim threatened daily civil fines if the agencies missed a roughly 30-day deadline to return the property or compensate the detainees, rejecting U.S. Attorney Daniel Rosen's argument that the failures were mistakes rather than willful noncompliance. It was the second Minnesota federal judge in a week to threaten contempt over the government's handling of Metro Surge release orders.
Judge found 32 warrantless Operation Midway Blitz arrests violated Castañon Nava consent decree, ordered releases
On February 27, 2026, U.S. District Judge Jeffrey Cummings ruled that at least 32 warrantless arrests made by immigration agents during Operation Midway Blitz in the Chicago area violated the 2022 Castañon Nava consent decree, which permits warrantless immigration arrests only when agents have probable cause that a person is unlawfully present and a flight risk. Cummings ordered the government to release the affected detainees by noon the following Thursday; it was the second time in five months that Cummings found the same operation violated the decree.
ICE staged sham bond hearing for Iowa detainee Suraj Vasal with 30 minutes' notice and no opportunity to secure counsel
On February 27, 2026, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement gave Suraj Vasal, an Indian asylum-seeker detained at Polk County Jail in Des Moines, Iowa, approximately 30 minutes' notice before a court-ordered bond hearing conducted via Zoom, with no information about its purpose until the call began. Vasal asked for time to secure an attorney; immigration officials denied the request and used the hearing to deny him bond. U.S. District Judge Stephen Locher later ruled that ICE's conduct violated Vasal's due process rights, finding the government had staged a "sham" hearing to satisfy a court order while ensuring Vasal remained detained.
Federal judge stripped Arizona prison agency of control over inmate healthcare, ordering receivership
On February 19, 2026, U.S. District Judge Roslyn Silver ordered Arizona's prison healthcare system into court receivership, finding the Department of Corrections had violated 131 of 154 standards required under a 2023 permanent injunction and that 14 years of litigation, contempt fines, and monitoring had failed to produce compliance. The 83-page order authorizes an independent receiver to take over healthcare operations across Arizona's nine state prisons, with authority to hire and fire staff, renegotiate or terminate the roughly $300 million NaphCare contract, set budgets, and override department administrators. ADCRR called the order "exorbitantly expensive" and "unnecessary" and said it would appeal.
Judge held DOJ lawyer in contempt after ICE released habeas petitioner in Texas without ID, defying Minnesota order
On February 18, 2026, U.S. District Judge Laura Provinzino held Justice Department attorney Matthew Isihara in civil contempt after ICE released habeas petitioner Rigoberto Soto Jimenez in El Paso, Texas without his identification documents, defying her order that he be released in Minnesota with his property returned. Provinzino lifted the contempt finding one day later once the documents were returned, but rejected the government's understaffing excuse as a problem "of its own making."
ICE defied a New Jersey court's no-transfer order, moving detainee Jagpreet Singh to a Brooklyn facility
On February 18, 2026, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement transferred detainee Jagpreet Singh from Delaney Hall in Newark, New Jersey to the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn, roughly 22 hours after a federal judge had issued a text order barring his transfer outside New Jersey. U.S. District Judge Christine P. O'Hearn called the move "a blatant violation" of her order and ordered Singh's immediate release, later noting the government had separately admitted to more than 50 similar court-order violations in the preceding 60 days.
Judge ordered release of 4 Operation Midway Blitz detainees, rejected ICE directive expanding warrantless-arrest discretion
On February 13, 2026, U.S. District Judge Jeffrey Cummings ordered the Department of Homeland Security to release four people who had been arrested without warrants during Operation Midway Blitz, and separately rejected a recent ICE directive — a memo from Acting Director Todd Lyons — that sought to give agents more discretion to make warrantless arrests, finding it inconsistent with the 2022 Castañon Nava consent decree. The ruling followed a federal appeals court's earlier rejection of Cummings' original October 2025 order to release hundreds of people arrested without warrants under the same operation.
Judge's ruling revealed ICE unlawfully re-deported 3 Ms. L-settlement-protected families to Honduras and elsewhere, defying a federal court order
A ruling by U.S. District Judge Dana Sabraw in San Diego, issued February 5, 2026, revealed that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement had unlawfully re-deported three families protected from removal under the 2018 Ms. L v. ICE family-separation settlement, in violation of a June 2025 stay of removal issued in the case. One mother and her three children, including a 6-year-old U.S. citizen, were coerced into deportation to Honduras in July 2025 after ICE officers removed her ankle monitor and detained the family for three days despite her refusal to sign a voluntary-departure document; two other families were removed in a similar pattern. Sabraw rejected the government's claim the families left voluntarily, found the removals relied on "lies, deception and coercion," and ordered the government to return all three families to the U.S. at its own expense.
Judge Blackwell found ICE, DHS and DOJ routinely defied orders releasing Minnesota detainees; DOJ ended the testifying attorney's detail
On February 3, 2026, U.S. District Judge Jerry Blackwell found in open court in St. Paul, Minnesota that U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Department of Homeland Security and the Justice Department had routinely failed to comply with orders releasing immigration detainees, leaving people jailed for days or weeks after judges ordered them freed. Questioned about noncompliance in cases she was handling, Special Assistant U.S. Attorney Julie Le, who had been assigned 91 immigration cases in under a month, told Blackwell that "this job sucks" and that she lacked "the power or the voice" to fix a broken system. The U.S. Attorney's Office ended Le's detail the following day, and DHS publicly called her conduct "unprofessional and unbecoming."
AG Bondi posted sealed booking photos of 16 Minnesota defendants in violation of a court sealing order
On January 28, 2026, then-Attorney General Pam Bondi posted on X the names and booking photos of 16 people arrested in the Minneapolis-St. Paul area on federal charges of assaulting or impeding immigration officers, describing them as "rioters," while their cases remained under a federal court sealing order. Magistrate Judge Dulce Foster later found in one of the cases that Bondi's post "directly violated a court order sealing the case" and "thumbed its nose at the notion that defendants are innocent until proven guilty."
Federal agents blocked Minnesota investigators from Alex Pretti shooting evidence, refused to honor state search warrant
On January 27, 2026, federal agents blocked Minnesota's Bureau of Criminal Apprehension from accessing evidence at the Minneapolis scene where federal officers had killed Alex Pretti three days earlier, turning away state investigators even after they obtained a valid search warrant. Federal agents also failed to maintain proper chain of custody for the murder weapon, placing it on a vehicle seat rather than securing it in a labeled evidence bag. The FBI subsequently refused to share evidence with state investigators, and Hennepin County Attorney Mary Moriarty issued formal Touhy demands after a federal judge dissolved an emergency evidence preservation order.
Chief Judge Schiltz found ICE, DHS Secretary Noem, and Acting Director Lyons defied 'dozens' of court orders; summoned Lyons over contempt
On January 26, 2026, Minnesota Chief U.S. District Judge Patrick Schiltz ordered Todd Lyons, ICE's acting director, to personally appear in federal court to explain why he should not be held in contempt, finding that Lyons, DHS Secretary Kristi Noem, and the acting ICE director of the agency's St. Paul field office had failed to comply with "dozens of court orders" in recent weeks. The order arose from ICE's failure to hold a court-ordered bond hearing for detainee Juan Hugo Tobay Robles, or release him, within seven days as a January 14, 2026 order had required. DHS called Schiltz an "activist judge" and did not address the specific findings of noncompliance.
ICE removed all detainees from Cumberland County Jail and DHS canceled its housing contract hours after sheriff criticized ICE's tactics
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement removed all roughly 50 federal detainees from the Cumberland County Jail in Portland, Maine, on January 22, 2026, and the Department of Homeland Security formally canceled the jail's detainee-housing contract the next day, hours after Sheriff Kevin Joyce publicly criticized ICE's arrest of a county corrections officer as "bush league." ICE Deputy Assistant Director Patricia Hyde said on the record that the cancellation followed Joyce "criticizing those who actually protect our communities," and in the same rushed transfer ICE moved detainees in violation of standing federal court orders, prompting two judges to order several immediate releases.
ICE flew a 2-year-old and her father to Texas despite a court order to release the toddler
On January 22, 2026, ICE agents detained Elvis Joel Tipan Echeverria and his 2-year-old daughter in south Minneapolis as they returned home from grocery shopping. After a federal judge ordered that the toddler not be moved out of state and be released, the government placed both on a commercial flight to Texas roughly twenty minutes later, in contravention of the order. The child was returned to her mother in Minnesota the next day; her father, who has an active asylum case, remained in federal custody.
Federal agents pepper-sprayed Minneapolis protesters outside Whipple building one day after court order barred it
On January 17, 2026, federal agents deployed chemical irritants against peaceful demonstrators outside the Bishop Henry Whipple Federal Building in Minneapolis — conduct that U.S. District Judge Katherine Menendez had specifically enjoined less than 24 hours earlier. The January 16 injunction, arising from an ACLU lawsuit over Operation Metro Surge, barred federal agents from pepper-spraying, arresting, or retaliating against peaceful protesters. Rather than comply, the Trump administration appealed and sought an Eighth Circuit stay, which the appellate court granted on January 21.
ICE deported gay Moroccan asylum-seeker to Cameroon, circumventing judge's order barring removal to Morocco
On January 15, 2026, ICE deported Farah, a 21-year-old gay Moroccan asylum-seeker, from ICE custody in Alexandria, Louisiana to Cameroon, despite an immigration judge's August 2025 ruling that she could not be removed to Morocco because it would endanger her life. Farah, who fled Morocco after her own and her partner's families attacked her over her sexual orientation, was deported three days before a scheduled release hearing; unable to safely remain in Cameroon, where homosexuality is also illegal, she was then sent onward to Morocco — the country the order barred. DHS said it was "applying the law as written."
2025 Events (7)
Loogootee, Indiana re-enacted an enjoined ordinance to block PrideFest from its Public Square, defying a federal injunction
On December 30, 2025, the Loogootee, Indiana City Council passed a new special-events ordinance containing at least two provisions a federal court had already permanently enjoined as unconstitutional, again restricting where PrideFest could be held relative to the city's Public Square fountain. The ordinance came four months after a federal judge ruled the city's prior special-events ordinance violated the First Amendment by singling out the LGBTQ+ festival, and the city adopted it despite that standing injunction. On January 6, 2026, the ACLU of Indiana filed a new lawsuit and a motion for contempt on behalf of the festival's organizers.
ICE re-detained Jorge Gonzalez Ochoa one minute before his court-ordered release, defying a federal judge's order
On December 23, 2025, at 9:59 a.m. — one minute before a federal court order required his release — ICE officers served the Muscatine County Jail with a new arrest warrant for Jorge Gonzalez Ochoa, a 28-year-old Colombian asylum seeker, circumventing a December 22 release order by U.S. District Judge Stephen H. Locher. ICE had not yet prepared the legally required Notice to Appear when it issued the arrest warrant, and Judge Locher later found the agency sent the notice by regular mail to obscure the sequence and "cover its tracks." Gonzalez Ochoa was not released until January 9, 2026 — seventeen days after the original release order.
ICE detained and deported Babson College freshman despite no valid removal order; judge ordered her return
U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detained 19-year-old Babson College freshman Any Lucia Lopez Belloza at Boston's Logan Airport on November 20, 2025, as she prepared to fly home to Texas for Thanksgiving, and deported her to Honduras two days later without letting her contact an attorney or her family. The Trump administration acknowledged the deportation was a mistake — an ICE officer had failed to activate an alert flagging her case — but did not voluntarily return her; a federal judge ordered the government to facilitate her return on February 13, 2026.
FEMA cut $242 million in security grants to Democratic-led states over immigration cooperation
On September 27, 2025, the Department of Homeland Security and FEMA cut $242 million — a 49 percent reduction — from Homeland Security Grant Program funding due to a coalition of Democratic-led states and Washington, D.C., reallocating the money to states the administration deemed more compliant with its immigration-enforcement priorities. A dozen state attorneys general sued, and a federal court found the cuts unlawful and ordered the funding restored, a ruling that stood after DHS's own appeal failed. Nearly a year later, New York officials said $87 million of the money owed the state still had not been delivered.
Defense Secretary Hegseth told Senate he would follow appellate court but defy district court order blocking Los Angeles military deployment
Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee on June 18, 2025, stating he would respect the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals' ruling allowing the Los Angeles National Guard deployment to continue, but would not comply with U.S. District Judge Charles Breyer's temporary restraining order blocking it. Hegseth also asserted that deployed troops could "temporarily detain" protesters and hand them to ICE for immigration processing. Senator Elizabeth Warren extracted a commitment from Hegseth to follow Supreme Court orders—a response that itself implied he would not necessarily obey lower courts.
United States and South Sudan agreed to single deportation flight via diplomatic notes
The United States and South Sudan reached the only written agreement made public to date via an exchange of diplomatic notes from early May 2025, covering a single flight of third-country nationals. Eight men were deported under it in July 2025 in violation of a standing federal court injunction requiring meaningful notice and a chance to raise fear-based claims; the agreement was not disclosed until January 2026, and the men were held in a guarded compound lacking reliable electricity.
Trump invoked Alien Enemies Act for CECOT transfer bundled with secret Bukele prisoner exchange, defying court order
On March 15, 2025, President Trump invoked the 1798 Alien Enemies Act to fly more than 250 Venezuelan migrants to El Salvador's CECOT prison without individualized hearings, defying a federal judge's same-day order to turn the planes around. A diplomatic note later declassified shows the operation was bundled with a separate request: El Salvador President Nayib Bukele personally asked for the return of MS-13 leader César Antonio Lopez Larios, and El Salvador agreed to also hold up to 500 Tren de Aragua members for a year, in exchange for undisclosed U.S. financial and in-kind support.