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January 20, 2025

13 entries on this date.

United States began mass unwritten third-country deportations to Mexico under Trump

Beginning January 20, 2025, the second Trump administration dramatically expanded a decades-old, never-written practice of deporting third-country nationals to Mexico, sending almost 13,000 people there by March 2026 — by far the largest volume under the program. A March 2026 Justice Department court filing referred to a "standing (unwritten) agreement" with Mexico; neither government has ever published its terms.

Trump signed EO 14159 expanding expedited removal to US interior, eliminating immigration court hearings for non-citizens

On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed Executive Order 14159, directing DHS to expand expedited removal to the fullest extent authorized by statute. DHS implemented the order via a Federal Register designation effective January 21, 2025, extending expedited removal authority to any non-citizen anywhere in the United States who could not prove at least two years of continuous presence. Previously, the procedure had applied only to migrants apprehended at or near the border; the expansion allowed interior deportations without any hearing before an immigration judge.

Trump ordered Bureau of Prisons to transfer 37 Biden-commuted death-row inmates to Supermax as punishment for their clemency

On January 20, 2025, President Trump issued an executive order directing Attorney General Pam Bondi to house 37 federal inmates whose death sentences Biden had commuted in conditions matching "the monstrosity of their crimes," and the Bureau of Prisons moved to redesignate them to the ADX Florence Supermax facility. A federal judge found in February 2026 that the redesignation process had been predetermined and blocked further transfers as a due-process "sham."

Trump signed EO 14168 eliminating federal recognition of transgender identity, revoking X passport marker and barring affirming facilities

On January 20, 2025, his first day in office, President Trump signed Executive Order 14168, "Defending Women from Gender Ideology Extremism and Restoring Biological Truth to the Federal Government," establishing a federal policy that sex is a binary, immutable biological characteristic and directing all federal agencies to eliminate recognition of gender identity across communications, forms, data systems, and policies. The order directed the Secretaries of State and Homeland Security to eliminate the "X" gender marker from all federal identity documents and barred transgender people from using sex-segregated federal facilities consistent with their gender identity. It also directed agencies to end all funding, training, and programs acknowledging gender identity.

Trump signed EO 14171 reinstating Schedule F, stripping civil service protections from policy-influencing federal employees

On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed Executive Order 14171, "Restoring Accountability to Policy-Influencing Positions Within the Federal Workforce," immediately reinstating his first-term Schedule F executive order — renamed "Schedule Policy/Career" — which reclassifies career federal employees in policy-adjacent roles into an excepted-service category without civil service protections. The order directed OPM to rescind Biden-era rules that had restored affected employees' appeal rights, and required agencies to recommend positions for reclassification; employees in the new schedule could be removed for "subversion of Presidential directives," making political alignment effectively a condition of employment.

Trump signed EO 14160 directing agencies to deny birthright citizenship to children of undocumented immigrants and visa holders

On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed Executive Order 14160, "Protecting the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship," directing the State Department, Social Security Administration, and Department of Homeland Security to refuse recognition of birthright citizenship for children born in the United States if neither parent was a U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident. The order purported to reinterpret the 14th Amendment's Citizenship Clause, which the Supreme Court has held since 1898 grants citizenship to virtually all persons born on U.S. soil regardless of parental immigration status. Multiple federal courts issued injunctions blocking the order within days of its signing.

Trump signed EO 14166, first order directing DOJ not to enforce TikTok divestment law

President Trump signed Executive Order 14166, "Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act," on January 20, 2025 — the same day he was inaugurated and the statutory deadline for ByteDance to divest TikTok under PAFACA (P.L. 118-50). The order directed the Department of Justice not to enforce the statute and established a non-enforcement period retroactive to January 19, 2025. It was the first of at least four consecutive executive orders suspending enforcement of PAFACA, followed by EO 14258 (April 4, 2025), EO 14310 (June 19, 2025), and a fourth order (September 16, 2025).

Acting DHS Secretary Huffman rescinded 'sensitive locations' policy shielding churches, schools, hospitals from ICE enforcement

On January 20, 2025, Acting DHS Secretary Benjamine C. Huffman signed a memo rescinding DHS's October 2021 "Guidelines for Enforcement Actions in or Near Protected Areas," eliminating the requirement that ICE and CBP officers obtain headquarters pre-approval before conducting immigration enforcement at schools, hospitals, and churches. The memo, issued from DHS headquarters in Washington, D.C., replaced that requirement with unstructured officer discretion, stating it was "not necessary...to create bright line rules" on where enforcement could occur. ICE issued follow-up implementation guidance on January 31, 2025.

Trump signed EO 14151 eliminating all DEI offices, programs, and equity-related grants across the executive branch

On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed Executive Order 14151, "Ending Radical and Wasteful Government DEI Programs and Preferencing," directing all executive agencies to terminate their diversity, equity, and inclusion offices, positions, equity action plans, and related grants and contracts within 60 days. The order required agencies to place DEI staff on administrative leave pending termination, to report programs "misleadingly relabeled" to evade compliance, and designated OMB, OPM, and the Attorney General to coordinate agency-wide enforcement. A Maryland federal court issued a preliminary injunction against key provisions on February 21, 2025, which the Fourth Circuit vacated on February 6, 2026.

Trump pardons roughly 1,500 January 6 Capitol attack defendants and commutes 14 sentences

On January 20, 2025, his first day back in office, President Donald Trump signed a proclamation granting a "full, complete and unconditional" pardon to roughly 1,500 people convicted of or charged with offenses related to the January 6, 2021, attack on the U.S. Capitol, and commuted the sentences of 14 others to time served. The clemency reached leaders of the Proud Boys and the Oath Keepers — including Enrique Tarrio and Stewart Rhodes, both convicted of seditious conspiracy — and defendants convicted of assaulting police. Trump also directed the Justice Department to dismiss the remaining pending Capitol-riot prosecutions.

Trump signed EO 14147 directing AG and DNI to review prior-administration enforcement as 'weaponization' and prepare remedial actions

On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed Executive Order 14147, "Ending the Weaponization of the Federal Government," directing the Attorney General to review all DOJ and civil and criminal enforcement activities of the prior four years, identify purported instances of politically-motivated enforcement, and submit a report recommending remedial actions. The order also directed the Director of National Intelligence to conduct a parallel review of all Intelligence Community activities over the same period. The EO served as the originating legal authority cited in subsequent retaliatory actions against law firms, prosecutors, and former officials throughout 2025 and 2026.

Trump signed EO 14152 revoking security clearances of 50 former intelligence officials who signed Hunter Biden laptop letter

On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed Executive Order 14152, "Holding Former Government Officials Accountable for Election Interference and Improper Disclosure of Sensitive Governmental Information," immediately revoking the security clearances of approximately 50 former intelligence officials who in October 2020 signed a public letter asserting that the Hunter Biden laptop story bore hallmarks of a Russian information operation. The order also revoked the clearance of former National Security Advisor John Bolton, citing his 2020 memoir's treatment of sensitive national security information. The Director of National Intelligence was directed to submit a 90-day report recommending further disciplinary actions against the signatories.

Ken Paxton's office diverted state-funded inauguration hotel rooms to major donors, leaving two stays billed to taxpayers

In January 2025, the Texas Office of the Attorney General booked a nonrefundable block of ten hotel rooms costing over $20,000 in state funds for staff attending Trump's inauguration and related Supreme Court arguments in Washington, D.C. When a winter storm kept several employees from traveling, unused rooms were informally reassigned to Paxton donors and allies — including major donors Terry and Jennifer Lacore, Albanian businessman Bashkim Ulaj, and Albanian Republican Party chair Fatmir Mediu — without following proper transfer procedures. At least two guests had their stays billed to the state without payment, and the agency ultimately paid $8,339 for rooms that served private individuals with documented financial or political ties to Paxton.