Extrajudicial actions

Extrajudicial actions are state actions that punish or sanction without going through the lawful adjudicative process — denying benefits, designating individuals or organizations, restricting movement, or imposing collateral consequences absent any finding by a competent body. Concrete forms include the publication of "designation lists" carrying enforceable legal consequences without adjudication, the use of no-fly lists against individuals without effective review, and the imposition of professional or financial consequences via executive declaration.