U.S. Department of Education
The U.S. Department of Education is the federal executive department responsible for administering federal education funding and enforcing federal civil rights law in schools, primarily through its Office for Civil Rights. Entries naming it in 2025 and 2026 record the use of funding conditions and civil rights investigations as leverage against states and school districts, and the handling of civil rights complaints the department received. Its Office for Civil Rights is named directly in several entries.
Also known as ED
2026 Events (18)
Education Department stripped nonbinary-student data from civil rights collection, dropped decade-old summary report
On September 4, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights released its 2023-24 Civil Rights Data Collection with nonbinary-student data stripped from all 37 published files, citing President Trump's January 2025 executive order recognizing only two sexes. The department also eliminated the nonbinary-student category from the next collection cycle and discontinued the "First Look Report," the simplified public-summary format it had published for over a decade, leaving only raw data files for release.
DOJ, Education Department threatened enforcement action against two Kansas school districts over gender-identity privacy policies
The U.S. Department of Education's Student Privacy Policy Office announced on August 25, 2026 that it would partner with the DOJ Civil Rights Division to pursue enforcement measures — including potential legal action and loss of federal funding — against Kansas's Olathe and Shawnee Mission school districts after both refused to sign voluntary resolution agreements addressing an April 2026 finding that their gender-identity privacy policies violate FERPA. Topeka Public Schools, found to have the same violation, separately entered a resolution agreement the same day requiring it to end "gender support plans" and revise its guidance; Olathe and Shawnee Mission continue to dispute that their policies violate federal law.
U.S. Education Department opened Title VI investigation into Milwaukee schools over race-conscious discipline
On August 19, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights notified Milwaukee Public Schools that it is investigating whether the district's student-discipline practices improperly use race, one of two Title VI investigations the department opened that day. The department's statement, issued alongside new Title VI guidance barring race-conscious discipline, said Milwaukee education leaders had "derided facially neutral school policies as reflecting systemic 'whiteness,'" without specifying what triggered the probe.
Washington Post investigation found Education Dept. froze civil rights probes into school racial, sexual harassment for 18 months
A Washington Post investigation published August 9, 2026 found the Trump administration had indefinitely frozen Education Department Office for Civil Rights investigations into racial and sexual harassment in schools inherited from the Biden administration, while pursuing cases aligned with its own priorities. Of thousands of pending investigations, the office completed only three resolution agreements involving racial harassment and none for sexual harassment in 18 months, compared with 72 total in 2024, after cutting OCR staff by more than half and closing seven of twelve regional offices.
U.S. Department of Education demanded Washington and California revise transgender-student privacy policies, citing FERPA funding threat
On July 30, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education's Student Privacy Policy Office demanded that Washington's Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction and California's Department of Education immediately detail their plans to revise policies on disclosing student records, including a student's gender identity, to parents, citing Title IX, FERPA, and recent court rulings. The department's statement noted that FERPA violations can result in termination of federal funding, and the demand extends an existing federal civil-rights probe into Washington's superintendent's office. Washington Superintendent Chris Reykdal called the announcement a "sham" and "media stunt."
Education Department and DOJ threatened Ann Arbor, Michigan schools with funding cutoff over transgender student privacy policy
On July 27, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education's Student Privacy Policy Office announced, in partnership with the Department of Justice, that it was taking enforcement action against Ann Arbor Public Schools over the district's policy of not disclosing a student's "transgender status" to parents without the student's consent, which it said likely violates FERPA. The department gave the district until August 10, 2026 to respond and justify its policy or face enforcement proceedings, including potential loss of federal funding.
Education Department rescinded disparate-impact standard under Title VI, ending federal scrutiny of racially disproportionate school discipline
On July 23, 2026, the Department of Education eliminated disparate-impact provisions from its Title VI civil-rights regulations, effective immediately and without public comment, requiring that school policies show intentional discrimination before federal civil-rights enforcement can apply. The rescission stripped the government's primary tool for addressing school- discipline disparities disproportionately affecting Black students, and was condemned by 60 civil-rights and educational advocacy organizations.
DOJ and Department of Education threatened to sue Kansas City, Kansas school district and freeze federal funds over transgender student privacy policy
On July 21, 2026, the U.S. Departments of Justice and Education issued a joint letter to Kansas City, Kansas Public Schools (KCKPS) demanding the district revoke its internal "Transgender Guideline," which directed staff not to disclose transgender students' gender identity, preferred names, or pronouns to parents without the student's consent. The agencies threatened to file a civil lawsuit and freeze the district's federal funding if KCKPS did not comply within 14 days. The letter followed an April 2026 FERPA violation finding and the district's refusal to voluntarily resolve the matter with the Department of Education.
Education Department withheld its 2023-24 Civil Rights Data Collection six months past its publication deadline
As of July 2, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education had not released its Civil Rights Data Collection for the 2023-24 school year — the federal dataset used to hold schools accountable on discipline, access, and discrimination — six months after its own December 2025 publication deadline. The department did not respond to repeated inquiries about the delay, which came as it cut roughly half its staff and announced plans to move the Office for Civil Rights, home to the data-collection team, to the Justice Department.
Department of Education opened Title IX investigations into Maryland state agency and three school districts over trans-inclusive policies
On June 23, 2026, the Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights opened Title IX investigations into the Maryland State Department of Education and three of the state's largest districts — Montgomery County, Prince George's County, and Frederick County Public Schools — over guidance and policies that let transgender students use facilities and join athletic teams matching their gender identity. Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Kimberly Richey called gender-identity-based access "deeply troubling" and pledged to "take appropriate action to ensure compliance," announcing the probes on the fifty-fourth anniversary of Title IX. The investigations continued a coordinated wave of OCR enforcement against trans-inclusive school policies across multiple states.
Department of Education opened Title IX investigations into three Michigan school districts over trans-inclusive sports and locker room policies
The Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights opened Title IX civil rights investigations on June 19, 2026, into three Michigan school districts — Ann Arbor Public Schools, Monroe Public Schools, and Chippewa Valley School District — for allowing transgender students to participate in sports and use locker rooms consistent with their gender identity. The DOE framed the investigations as protecting "the rights of cisgender students," asserting that trans-inclusive policies violate Title IX as reinterpreted by the current administration. The action was part of a coordinated wave of federal enforcement targeting schools with trans-inclusive policies during Pride Month, following a similar investigation opened against a North Carolina district the prior day.
Education Dept. transfers Office for Civil Rights to DOJ and special education office to HHS
The U.S. Department of Education announced interagency agreements on June 16, 2026, transferring its Office for Civil Rights (OCR) to the Justice Department's Civil Rights Division under Harmeet Dhillon, and its special education oversight office (OSERS) to the Department of Health and Human Services. OCR handles discrimination complaints in K-12 and higher education; OSERS oversees implementation of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act guaranteeing services for disabled students. Legal experts called the OCR move "illegal," saying DOJ lawyers lack specialized education-law expertise and the transfer will make it harder for students to secure relief from discrimination.
Department of Education opened a Title IX investigation into Smith College over its transgender admissions policy
On May 4, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights opened a Title IX investigation into Smith College, a private all-women's college in Massachusetts, over its policy of admitting transgender women. Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Kimberly Richey said "an all-women's college loses all meaning if it is admitting biological males," asserting that Title IX's single-sex exception applies on the basis of biological sex, not gender identity. The probe extended a coordinated wave of OCR enforcement using federal civil-rights machinery to pressure institutions over trans-inclusive policies.
Education Department found Colorado's Jefferson County schools violated Title IX, threatened funding over trans-inclusive policies
On March 13, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights concluded that Jefferson County Public Schools in Colorado violated Title IX by letting students access overnight accommodations, facilities, and sports teams based on gender identity rather than biological sex. OCR gave the district 10 days to sign a resolution agreement adopting biology-based eligibility rules or face enforcement, a finding Jeffco disputed as resting on a data error mistaking coaches, trainers, and mascots for male athletes on girls' teams.
U.S. Department of Education pressured 31 universities to end partnerships with minority doctoral-support nonprofit PhD Project
On February 19, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights announced that its Title VI investigation into the PhD Project — a nonprofit that helps racial minorities earn doctoral degrees — had led 31 universities, including Arizona State, Ohio State, Michigan, Yale, Duke, and MIT, to sign resolution agreements ending their partnerships with the group, with 14 more schools in negotiations. OCR opened the investigation in March 2025, asserting that PhD Project membership "unlawfully limits eligibility based on the race of participants" and warning participating schools they risked losing federal funding. Secretary of Education Linda McMahon called the agreements "the Trump effect in action."
Education Department found San Jose State violated Title IX over transgender volleyball player, threatened funding
On January 28, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights concluded that San Jose State University violated Title IX by allowing a transgender athlete to compete on its women's volleyball team and by allegedly retaliating against players who objected. The department offered SJSU a settlement requiring it to adopt binary definitions of sex, restore athletic records and titles it said were misappropriated, and send personalized apologies to every woman on the 2022-2024 indoor volleyball roster and the 2023 beach volleyball team, warning that rejection could bring a Justice Department lawsuit and the loss of federal funding.
Education Dept. found Connetquot school district violated Title VI by dropping its Native American mascot to comply with state law
On January 22, 2026, the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights concluded that Connetquot Central School District on Long Island, New York, violated Title VI of the Civil Rights Act by renaming its "Thunderbirds" mascot to "T-Birds" under a settlement complying with a 2023 New York State Education Department regulation banning Native American mascots and imagery in public schools. Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Kimberly Richey said the district "engaged in race- and national-origin-based discrimination" by abandoning the name and ordered it to revert to "Thunderbirds" and all associated logos; New York's Education Department called the finding "a mockery of our nation's civil rights laws."
Education Department opened 18 Title IX investigations into schools and colleges across 10 states over transgender-athlete policies
On January 14, 2026 — the day after the Supreme Court heard oral arguments on state laws barring transgender athletes from women's sports — the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights opened Title IX investigations into 18 K-12 school districts, colleges, and one state education department across ten states: California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Maine, Massachusetts, Nevada, New York, Pennsylvania, Vermont, and Washington. The investigations targeted policies letting students compete in school sports according to their gender identity rather than sex. Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights Kimberly Richey said OCR was "aggressively pursuing" the entities and would "leave no stone unturned."
2025 Events (7)
Education Department issued rule stripping PSLF eligibility from organizations supporting immigrant rights and transgender healthcare
On October 31, 2025, the U.S. Department of Education published a final rule amending Public Service Loan Forgiveness regulations to exclude employers deemed to have a "substantial illegal purpose," defined to include organizations that aid undocumented immigrants, support transgender healthcare for minors, or engage in certain diversity activities. The rule implemented a March 2025 Trump executive order directing the department to redefine "public service" to exclude organizations that "undermine national security and American values." Congress enacted PSLF in 2007 with statutory employer eligibility criteria the rule effectively rewrites through administrative action.
Trump ordered NCES to collect race-disaggregated admissions data from colleges, bypassing required APA notice-and-comment
On August 7, 2025, President Trump issued a presidential memorandum directing the Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics to collect race- and sex-disaggregated admissions data from colleges nationwide, requiring institutions to report seven years of applicant, admissions, and enrollment records to verify they were not using race as a factor in decisions. The directive imposed a presidentially mandated 120-day deadline that caused NCES to skip the Administrative Procedure Act's required notice-and-comment rulemaking process. A coalition of 17 Democratic state attorneys general subsequently challenged the mandate, and a federal judge later found the rollout "rushed and chaotic."
Trump directed the Education Department to collect college race-admissions data in 120 days, bypassing notice-and-comment rulemaking
On August 7, 2025, President Trump signed a presidential memorandum directing the Department of Education and the National Center for Education Statistics to expand IPEDS reporting requirements to collect data from colleges purporting to show they are not using race as a factor in admissions, imposing a 120-day deadline to initiate enhanced reporting for the 2025–2026 school year. The accelerated timeline forced NCES to skip the legally required federal notice-and-comment rulemaking process. A coalition of 17 Democratic state attorneys general sued, and on April 3, 2026, U.S. District Judge F. Dennis Saylor IV (D. Mass.) granted a preliminary injunction blocking the mandate for public universities in the plaintiff states, finding the rollout "rushed and chaotic" and that the presidentially-imposed deadline had caused NCES to bypass required administrative procedure.
Five federal agencies simultaneously stripped immigrant access to life-safety benefit programs, revoking 24 years of DOJ guidance
On July 10-11, 2025, five federal departments — Justice, Health and Human Services, Education, Agriculture, and Labor — simultaneously issued notices rescinding decades-old guidance that had protected immigrant access to federal benefit programs under the "necessary to protect life or safety" exception in the 1996 Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. The DOJ withdrew its 2001 Attorney General interpretation identifying which programs qualified, effective August 15, 2025; HHS rescinded a 1998 policy keeping Head Start, community health clinics, and Title X accessible; the Department of Education revoked its 1997 guidance covering adult education and postsecondary programs. Multiple states sued immediately.
Education Secretary McMahon barred Harvard from new federal grants, demanding governance overhaul and DEI compliance
On May 5, 2025, Education Secretary Linda McMahon sent Harvard President Alan Garber a letter formally announcing that the university would receive no new federal grants until it demonstrated "responsible management" and met the Trump administration's demands for governance restructuring, admissions changes, and anti-DEI compliance. The action was a prospective escalation beyond the earlier April 14 freeze of existing Harvard grants, imposing a forward-looking embargo on all new grant funding. Harvard characterized the move as retaliation for its lawsuit challenging the April freeze and called the demands an attempt to impose "unprecedented and improper control."
Education Secretary McMahon rescinded states' extensions to spend COVID-relief education funds, cutting billions including $137M for Mississippi
On March 28, 2025, U.S. Secretary of Education Linda McMahon notified state education agencies that previously approved extensions to spend remaining COVID-19 pandemic relief funds were rescinded effective immediately, reversing deadlines that had run through March 2026. The abrupt cancellation put billions of dollars nationwide at risk, including roughly $137 million Mississippi was using for literacy, mental health, school construction, and rural technology programs. States and districts said the reversal disrupted programs already underway.
Secretary McMahon eliminated nearly half the Department of Education workforce, cutting ~1,950 positions across all major divisions
On March 11, 2025, Secretary of Education Linda McMahon announced a reduction in force eliminating nearly half the Department of Education workforce, cutting from approximately 4,133 to about 2,183 employees. The cuts eliminated staff across all major divisions including the Office for Civil Rights, the Institute of Education Sciences, Federal Student Aid, and the Office of Special Education Programs. The Department of Education's Inspector General subsequently found that some reductions appeared to impair the department's ability to carry out its statutory responsibilities.