North Carolina enacted SB452, barring transgender girls from girls' school sports and adding state enforcement of the ban

On October 3, 2023, Senate Bill 452 became law in North Carolina without Governor Roy Cooper's signature, taking effect as Session Law 2023-133. The measure began as an omnibus bill revising the state's insurance laws but was amended late in the legislative session to rewrite Article 29E of Chapter 115C, the statute governing high school interscholastic athletics.

The new G.S. 115C-407.59 requires that all K-12 interscholastic and intramural athletic teams be designated by "biological sex," bars students of "the male sex" from teams designated for females, and defines sex according to "reproductive biology and genetics at birth." The effect is to exclude transgender girls from girls' school sports. The law further directs the State Board of Education to monitor schools for compliance and to report violators to the Joint Legislative Education Oversight Committee, establishing a state enforcement mechanism for the ban.

Governor Cooper declined to sign the bill, allowing it to become law while stating that the "late-night changes to high school sports governance are a solution in search of a problem" and that legislators "shouldn't insert politics into schools and sports." The athletics provisions had been added to the insurance bill in the closing days of the session.