Voter intimidation

Voter intimidation is conduct intended to deter eligible voters from voting — at the polling place, by mail, or in the registration process. Concrete forms include armed presence at polling locations beyond what law requires, aggressive challenges to specific voters' eligibility, surveillance of drop boxes in ways that document and identify voters, threats of legal consequences for lawful voting, and the targeted use of mass mailings or robocalls designed to confuse or frighten voters about their rights. Routine election observation by credentialed observers is not intimidation. The standard is conduct that a reasonable voter would understand as discouraging or threatening.