Alternate-elector schemes

Alternate-elector schemes are efforts to substitute unauthorized slates of presidential electors for the legitimate slates produced by a state's certified election results. Concrete forms include the convening of unofficial "electors," the production of forged or fraudulent elector documents, and the submission of those documents to Congress, the National Archives, or other federal bodies in an effort to create a parallel record. The publication treats this as distinct from contested-election litigation, which is lawful; the issue is the manufacture and submission of false electoral documents claiming federal effect.