U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is the federal regulatory agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment by developing and enforcing environmental regulations. It sets standards for air and water quality and oversees cleanup of contaminated sites. Under Administrator Lee Zeldin, the agency moved rapidly in 2025 to rescind environmental rules and reduce enforcement activity.
Also known as EPA
2026 Events (8)
EPA proposed heavy-duty truck rule weakening 2027 emissions durability standards, again declining to monetize health benefits
On July 9, 2026, the EPA under Administrator Lee Zeldin proposed amendments to model year 2027 and later heavy-duty truck emissions compliance rules -- shortening warranty periods, easing "useful life" requirements, and replacing an automatic engine power-derate for malfunctioning emissions controls with a driver alert -- changes EPA's own analysis said would raise ozone-forming nitrogen oxide pollution by 4.2% by 2030 and 11.6% by 2055. As it had in a January rule for stationary combustion turbines and a May light- and medium-duty vehicle tailpipe proposal, EPA's cost-benefit analysis for the truck rule quantified projected industry savings of $4,130 to $6,152 per engine but did not monetize the resulting health costs. The rule was not yet finalized as of this filing, with public comments due August 29, 2026.
EPA issued draft guidance departing from its Biden-era assessment of PFAS cancer risk in farmland sewage sludge
On July 1, 2026, the Environmental Protection Agency issued a draft guidance document that criticized and departed from a Biden-era draft risk assessment finding that applying PFAS-contaminated sewage sludge to farmland posed cancer and other health risks. The guidance, signed by EPA Assistant Administrator for Water Jess Kramer, called the earlier assessment's assumptions "too disconnected from real-world conditions" and replaced its findings with voluntary recommendations. Environmental advocates said the move abandoned EPA's duty to regulate the "forever chemicals."
EPA's draft TBBPA risk evaluation contradicted its own prior finding that the carcinogen is used in children's clothing
On June 12, 2026, the Environmental Protection Agency released a draft risk evaluation for TBBPA, a widely used flame retardant, finding unreasonable risk to workers and the environment but concluding no restrictions on its use in consumer products were needed. The draft accepted an unsupported chemical-industry claim that TBBPA is no longer widely used in children's clothing, contradicting the EPA's own prior finding that the chemical appears in 96 types of children's clothing, and relied heavily on industry-funded research — including a study from a firm whose founder now sits on EPA's own science advisory committee — despite international cancer agencies having found TBBPA is a probable carcinogen.
EPA proposed delaying Tier 4 tailpipe standards for cars and trucks, again declining to monetize health benefits
On May 14, 2026, the EPA under Administrator Lee Zeldin proposed delaying the phase-in of "Tier 4" tailpipe pollution standards for light- and medium-duty vehicles by two model years, from model year 2027 to model year 2029. As it had in two earlier 2026 rulemakings, EPA's proposal quantified compliance-cost savings to automakers but explicitly declined to provide a monetized estimate of the resulting increase in PM2.5- and ozone-related health harm, citing modeling uncertainty. The rule was not yet finalized as of this filing.
EPA methane chief secretly authored oil industry's case against the rules he now rewrites
ProPublica revealed on April 1, 2026 that Aaron Szabo, the EPA assistant administrator leading the rollback of federal methane-emissions rules, was the unnamed author of the oil industry's January 2022 comment letter against those same rules, written while he was a registered lobbyist for an industry member. Now overseeing the rewrite at EPA, Szabo has solicited input and specific regulatory language from the industry groups that stand to benefit.
EPA illegally terminates $2.8B Environmental and Climate Justice Block Grant Program
The Environmental Protection Agency, under Administrator Lee Zeldin and acting on Trump executive orders issued January 20, 2025, terminated the Environmental and Climate Justice Block Grant Program — a $2.8 billion program established by the Inflation Reduction Act to fund pollution reduction and climate readiness in underserved communities — and directed grantees to close their projects. On June 12, 2026, U.S. District Judge Richard Gergel (D. South Carolina) ruled the termination "illegal" and voided the action, finding the EPA violated the Inflation Reduction Act. Gergel declined to issue a permanent injunction requiring reinstatement, noting that rehiring the fired program staff appeared "impractical," leaving hundreds of community projects in limbo.
EPA repealed Mercury and Air Toxics Standards for coal- and oil-fired power plants, again declining to monetize health benefits
On February 24, 2026, the EPA under Administrator Lee Zeldin finalized a repeal of the 2024 Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) amendments for coal- and oil-fired power plants, citing a 2020 finding that residual cancer risk was already below a presumptive acceptable threshold and eliminating continuous emissions monitoring requirements. As it had five weeks earlier in a separate rule for stationary combustion turbines, EPA did not monetize the health benefits of the toxic-pollutant reductions the standards had achieved, presenting only projected industry cost savings of $670 million through 2037. A coalition of 21 environmental and public-health organizations sued in the D.C. Circuit the following month.
EPA ended decades-long practice of monetizing air-pollution health benefits in Clean Air Act rulemaking analysis
On January 15, 2026, the EPA under Administrator Lee Zeldin finalized a rule revising New Source Performance Standards for stationary combustion and gas turbines that, for the first time, said the agency would no longer assign a dollar value to the health benefits of reduced fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone pollution in its regulatory cost-benefit analysis, while continuing to fully count compliance costs to industry. The EPA cited general modeling uncertainty but did not cite new peer-reviewed science justifying a break from the quantification methods it and prior Republican administrations had used for decades. Senate Democrats led by Sen. Sheldon Whitehouse opened an investigation into the change in February 2026, and the agency applied the same non-monetization approach in at least one later 2026 rulemaking.
2025 Events (7)
EPA used litigation to circumvent Clean Air Act rulemaking, seeking to vacate Biden PM2.5 soot standard
On November 25, 2025, the Trump EPA filed a brief in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit asking the court to vacate the Biden-era National Ambient Air Quality Standard for fine particulate matter (PM2.5)—tightened from 12 to 9 micrograms per cubic meter—by "confessing error" rather than following the Clean Air Act's required notice-and-comment rulemaking process. The move would eliminate a standard projected to prevent 4,500 annual premature deaths, 2,000 hospital visits, and 800,000 asthma cases by 2032. By requesting court vacatur instead of formal rulemaking, the EPA avoids the statutory requirement to publish reasoned explanations and allow public comment on the rollback.
EPA fired at least 8 probationary employees who signed dissent letter, overriding internal First Amendment warning
Beginning August 29, 2025, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency fired at least eight probationary employees who had signed a June 2025 "declaration of dissent" criticizing Administrator Lee Zeldin's policies as reversing scientific progress and endangering public health. An EPA assistant general counsel warned in writing beforehand that the firings would "present significant legal risk" because the letter was "likely protected speech under the First Amendment," but the agency proceeded. Targeted employees were still in probationary periods, stripping them of Merit Systems Protection Board appeal rights.
EPA eliminated Office of Research and Development, laid off up to 1,155 scientists in 23% workforce cut
On July 18, 2025, EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin announced the elimination of the agency's Office of Research and Development — the scientific foundation underlying every federal air, water, and chemical safety standard for 55 years — and a reduction of more than 3,700 total EPA positions (nearly 23%). As many as 1,155 chemists, biologists, and toxicologists received reduction-in-force notices. The administration said it would replace ORD with an "Office of Applied Science and Environmental Solutions" subordinated to deregulatory program offices.
Trump exempts 180+ facilities from Clean Air Act air-toxics rules via an EPA email inbox
Across 2025, President Trump signed seven proclamations invoking Clean Air Act Section 112(i)(4) — a provision unused in the statute's 55-year history — to grant more than 180 industrial facilities in 38 states and Puerto Rico a two-year exemption from federal hazardous-air-pollutant standards. A May 2026 ProPublica investigation found that facilities qualified by emailing an EPA-run inbox, with no rigorous application and no meaningful role for the agency's air-quality experts. The statute permits such exemptions only where compliance technology is "not available" and the exemption is "in the national security interests of the United States."
EPA placed 144 employees on administrative leave for signing a dissent letter criticizing Zeldin's policies
On July 3, 2025, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency placed approximately 144 employees on administrative leave, pending an "administrative investigation," after they signed a June 30, 2025 "Declaration of Dissent" accusing Administrator Lee Zeldin of dismantling the agency's research office, canceling environmental-justice programs, and ignoring scientific consensus to benefit polluters. EPA said the leave — initially set to run through July 17 — was warranted because the signatories had listed their official titles in the letter, and described a "zero-tolerance policy" for staff who "undermine" the administration's agenda.
EPA sent reduction-in-force notices eliminating 280 environmental justice and civil rights staff, shutting down the OEJECR
On April 21, 2025, EPA Assistant Deputy Administrator Travis Voyles sent reduction-in-force notices to 280 employees in the Office of Environmental Justice and External Civil Rights (OEJECR) and regional environmental justice divisions, with terminations effective July 31, 2025. An additional 175 employees performing statutory functions were reassigned within the agency. The action effectively closed the OEJECR — founded in 1992 under President George H.W. Bush and the primary federal enforcer of Title VI civil rights protections in environmental permitting — framed by EPA as terminating "Biden's environmental justice, DEI arms of the agency."
EPA terminated $20B Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund green-bank grants after unexplained Citibank account freeze
On March 11, 2025, EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin terminated grant agreements for all eight recipients of the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund's green-bank programs, canceling roughly $20 billion in clean-energy financing, including $7 billion to Climate United Fund and $5 billion to the Coalition for Green Capital. The termination followed a February 18, 2025 freeze of the funds' Citibank accounts, directed by the EPA, its inspector general, the FBI, and the Treasury Department without prior notice to recipients. Zeldin cited "programmatic fraud, waste, and abuse" but did not publicly produce supporting evidence.